While Western TV audiences of the 80s surveying the Soviet world were following Mikhail Gorbachev, those inside the bloc were just as likely to be interested in a bizarre mass hypnosis artist by the name of Anatoly Kashpirovskiy, as Ji.hlava doc fest audiences have seen this week.
A trained medical doctor who said he first became fascinated by hypnosis in order to deal with medical students sleeping through his lectures, Kashpirovskiy became a cult phenomenon of epic proportions once state television channels began to carry his appearances.
For Polish director Lukasz Konopa, screening “Kashpirovskiy. Under the Spell” in Ji.hlava’s Testimonies section, the strangely compelling man was part of the landscape of growing up before the Soviet collapse, he says.
“Kaspirovskiy is part of my childhood memories. When I first saw him on television, I was seven years old and I lived in a small village in gray, communist Poland. On the screen was a strange-looking man with black hair, speaking a language I didn’t understand. Meanwhile, the light bulbs in our apartment were mysteriously flickering. As I discovered later, the electricity grid was under enormous strain due to the huge amount of electricity consumed by the bulky televisions of the time, as everyone was watching him at the same time.”
As he grew up, studying film in the United Kingdom and moving into a cinematography career, he forgot about the experience, he says, “until it came back to me during the first lockdown in 2020. I became curious about what happened to him. He was a very important part of the transition: The fall of communism and the early days of capitalism – a shift that changed everything in this part of the world.”
Konopa became convinced the Kashpirovskiy story was worth telling, he says, “especially at a time of another political and social change that we are living through right now.”
Konopa found the most compelling archival material in Ukraine, where Kashpirovskiy began his career, he says. “Mesmerizing, beautifully crafted and shot on 35mm. One item dates back to 1971: Kashpirovskiy in a doctor’s uniform. Kashpirovskiy riding a bike. Kashpirovskiy performing tricks and hypnotizing a kolkhoz [Soviet cooperative farm] audience. It’s so strange that someone filmed Kashpirovskiy at that stage of his life, more than 15 years before he became famous.”
The experiment of “television medicine,” Konopa says, was one of the earliest such mass pop culture phenomena, reaching a Soviet audience of 300 million people.
Working with a team of researchers in Ukraine, Poland, Georgia and the Czech Republic, Konopa managed to track down hundreds of hours of remarkable material, he says. HBO joined the production in 2025, providing essential completion funding, the director says.
As for whether some or all of the Kashpirovskiy phenomenon was a con, Konopa says, he’s concluded his subject was “a master of stage hypnosis and psychological suggestions. For more than 25 years he perfected his craft by giving seances and performances in factories, villages and kolkhozes.”
“He was really good at it. The way he looked and sounded on stage, the music he played, the script of his shows – all these were carefully planned and executed. So I believe that he could really put many people in a state of trance or make them not feel pain. His powers got even stronger when he got the most powerful platform at that time – television.”
Whether trickery was involved, Konopa says, “wasn’t the most important question for me. I was much more interested in the persona he created and the image that television built around him. I wanted the audience to be seduced by him and to experience him in the same way people did back then. This sense of enchantment is the real story.”
